Palliative Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Palliative Care - Essay Example Legal consideration According to the South Australia advance care-directives act 2013, impaired decision-making capability is one of the major legal considerations during the care of a patient with a life-limiting illness. According to the impaired decision-making capacity act (section 7), a person is taken to be impaired in decision making if either the person is not capable of understanding any information that may be relevant to decision or is incapable of retaining an information made (South Australia. 2013, pp. 10-34). In relation to the case, Mr. Martin Cavanagh was considered having a normal decision-making capacity despite presenting with a terminal illness. This is because the patient was well oriented to time, space and person and could make viable decisions. In relation to the patent refusal of service operation guideline, (SAAS, 2013, p.1), an adult aged 16 years and above has the right to refuse treatment if he/she feels the treatment is either not beneficial or leads to harm. According to this concept, Mr. Martin Cavanagh had a right to refuse treatment. The patient in this instance has a right to choose a place for care provision like in his/her home or at a hospice. Refusal of health care services is a provision of the advanced care directive. Ethical considerations Autonomy is a crucial ethical consideration in the management of a patient with a life-limiting condition. At all instances, when the patient is capable of making his/her decisions, the right to autonomy must always be observed.

National security policymaking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

National security policymaking - Essay Example An ideal civil-military relationship is one where civil leadership provides the broad political and security objectives, while military leadership is primarily concerned with the execution of such civilian policies on the field (Elliot, 2002:2). The military institution functions on the basis of a set of values that restricts individual behavior since it emphasizes organizational success and victory in war over the elevation of personal goals.3 However as Feaver and Kohn (2000) point out, since there is currently an absence of an urgent threat to the nation’s security, democratic society will not support an adequate military, as a result of which the military’s loyalty to civilian authority is likely to diminish. Hooker (2003-4) asserts that civilian control over the military is undisputed, since Presidential approval is required for all senior military officers and Congressional approval is mandated for all officer promotions4. Military structure, pay and budgets are regulated by civilians, therefore civilian authority can disregard independent military advice. However, as Hooker points out, the reality is that civilian authority which attempts to force the military to do its bidding may pay a political price, since opposition parties are likely to exploit such differences of opinion, especially in war time. Besides, political leaders consistently seek affirmation from the military for their programs and policies. Military leaders are obligated to testify honestly to Congress about policy decisions affecting their service – especially those they disagree with, while simultaneously refraining from publicly exposing differences within the Administration due to the acknowledged preceden ce of civilian authority, which again blurs the dividing line between civil and military. A survey conducted by Hooker5 demonstrates that the civil-military gap is widening, with the increasingly